Pressure (and
mass) surge simulations are performed using the computer program PTRAN
developed by Dr. Adrian P. Boldy. The program is based on the method of
characteristics which converts the quasi-linear, hyperbolic, partial
differential equations of motion and continuity describing the unsteady flow
of a fluid in any internal flow system into a set of ordinary differential
equations which are then expressed in a finite difference form in order to
produce a solution algorithm. The variant of the method used is called the
method of specified time intervals which computes the values for the
piezometric pressure head and flow velocity at a constant time interval for
each node in the system.